Planting unit for a seeding machine having blocking member to control hand-off of seed from a seed meter to a seed delivery system

ABSTRACT

A planting unit for a seeding machine having a seed meter with a metering member that moves seed sequentially along a first path to a release position at which the seed is moving in a first direction and a delivery system adapted to take seed from the metering member at the release position and control movement of the seed from the seed meter to a discharge location adjacent a seed furrow formed in soil beneath the seeding machine. The delivery system, at the release position, moves seed in a second direction along a second path. A blocking member located adjacent the first path immediately preceding the release position prevents    movement of the seed in the second direction until the seed has passed the blocking member.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a reissue of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/215,182, filed Mar. 17, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,510,502, which is aContinuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/072,175, filed Mar.25, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,671,856, which is a Continuation-in-partof U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/363,968, filed Feb. 2, 2009, nowU.S. Pat. No. 7,918,168.

FIELD

The following relates to a planting unit for a seeding machine and moreparticularly to a planting unit having a seed meter and seed deliverysystem.

BACKGROUND

Various types of seed meters have been developed that use an airpressure differential, either vacuum or positive pressure, to adhereseed to a metering member. The metering member takes seed from a seedpool and sequentially discharges single seeds. (In some cases, multipleseeds may be discharged at a time.) One common type of seed meter isshown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,170,909. There, a seed disk 48 contained in ahousing is used to meter the seed. The seed pool is positioned on oneside of the disk at a lower portion thereof while vacuum is applied tothe opposite side of the disk. As the disk is rotated, individual seedsfrom the seed pool are adhered by the vacuum to apertures that extendthough the disk. When the seed reaches a desired release position, thevacuum is terminated, allowing the seed to drop from the disk, through aseed tube to a furrow formed in the soil below.

Flexible belts have also been used in an air pressure differential seedmeter. One example is shown in US patent application 2010/0192818 A1.There, a flexible belt having an array of apertures therein is movablealong a path in a housing. A seed pool is formed on one side of thebelt. Vacuum applied on the opposite side of the belt along a portion ofthe belt path adheres seed to the apertures, allowing the belt to movethe seed to a release position where the vacuum is cut-off. The seedthen falls or is removed from the belt.

When seed falls by gravity from the meter through the seed tube, it canbe difficult to maintain accurate and consistent seed spacing atplanting speeds greater than about 8 kph (5 mph). To maintain spacingaccuracy, a seed delivery system that controls the seed as the seedmoves from the seed meter to the soil is desirable. One such deliverysystem is shown in U.S. patent application 2010/0192819-A1. With such adelivery system, the hand-off of seed from the disk of U.S. Pat. No.5,170,909 to the delivery system is difficult to achieve In a consistentmanner. While the hand-off of seed may be improved with the use of abelt meter, there is still a need for a more consistent and reliablehand-of seed from the seed meter to the delivery system.

SUMMARY

A planting unit for a seeding machine is provided having a seed meterwith a metering member that moves seed sequentially along a first pathto a release position at which the seed is moving in a first directionand a delivery system adapted to take seed from the metering member atthe release position and control movement of the seed from the seedmeter to a discharge location adjacent a seed furrow formed in soilbeneath the seeding machine. The delivery system, at the releaseposition, moves seed in a second direction along a second path. Ablocking member or guide located adjacent the first path immediatelypreceding the release position prevents movement of the seed in thesecond direction until the seed has passed the blocking member.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a common agricultural planter;

FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of a planting unit frame, seed meterand seed delivery system;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the seed meter and deliverysystem drives;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the seed meter with the cover openillustrating the metering member;

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the seed meter of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the metering member of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is side cross-section of the metering member of FIG. 6illustrating the orientation of the metering member installed in a seedmeter mounted to a planting unit;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-section of an alternative metering member;

FIG. 9 is a elevational view of the inside of the metering member ofFIG. 6;

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of the metering member and seeddelivery system;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the hand-off of seed from the meteringmember to the delivery system including the delivery system brush belt;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view like FIG. 11 without the delivery systembrush belt;

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration the direction of entry of seed intothe brush belt;

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of the direction of travel of theseed on the metering member and in the delivery system at the releaseposition of seed from the metering member;

FIG. 15 is side sectional view of the metering member and deliverysystem at the hand-off without the brush belt;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the inner side of the seed meterhousing;

FIG. 17 is a side sectional view of the metering member and meterhousing illustrating the seed pool formed by the metering member andhousing;

FIG. 18 is side sectional view like FIG. 17 illustrating a prior artseed meter with a disk metering member;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the lower end of the delivery system;

FIGS. 20 and 21 are perspective views of an alternative metering member;

FIG. 22 is a schematic side view of another arrangement of the seedmeter and seed delivery system;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the seed meter of FIG. 22 partiallydisassembled;

FIG. 24 is perspective view of the seed meter as seen along the line24-24 of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the vacuum manifold of the seed meterof FIG. 23;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of the idler pulley mounting structure ofthe seed meter of FIG. 23;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of a vacuum control member in the seed meter ofFIG. 23;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the seed meter housing cover of theseed meter of FIG. 23;

FIG. 29 is perspective view of the upper end of the seed meter of FIG.23; and

FIG. 30 is a perspective view showing the seed meter of FIG. 23 inrelation to the seed deliver system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An agricultural seeding machine 10 is shown in FIG. 1 as a row cropplanter. Seeding machine 10 has a central frame 12 on which are mounteda plurality of individual planting units 14. The seeding machine 10 hasa fore-aft direction shown by the arrow 15 and a transverse directionshown by the arrow 17. Each planting unit 14 is coupled to the centralframe 12 by a parallel linkage 16 so that the individual planting units14 may move up and down to a limited degree relative to the frame 12.Large storage tanks 13 hold seed that is delivered pneumatically to amini-hopper on each planting unit. Each planting unit 14 has a framemember 18 (FIG. 2) to which the components of the planting unit aremounted. The frame member 18 includes a pair of upstanding arms 20 atthe forward end of thereof. The arms 20 are coupled to the rearward endsof the parallel linkage 16. Furrow opening disks (not shown) areattached to shaft 22 in a known manner to form an open furrow in thesoil beneath the seeding machine into which seed is deposited. Closingand packing wheels (not shown) are also mounted to the frame member 18in a known manner to close the furrow over the deposited seed and tofirm the soil in the closed furrow. A seed meter 24 and a seed deliverysystem 400 are also attached to the frame member 18 of the plantingunit.

The meter 24 includes a housing 30 (FIG. 3) and a cover 34. The housing30 and the cover 34 are coupled to one another by complementary hingefeatures 36 and 38 (see FIG. 5) on the housing and cover respectively.Hinge feature 36 includes a pivot pin 37 coupled to the housing whilethe feature 38 is an integrally formed hook that wraps around the pivotpin allowing the cover 34 to pivot about the axis of the pin 37. Anelastomeric latch member 40 is coupled to the housing 30 and has anenlarged portion 42 that is seated into a socket 44 formed in the coverto hold the cover in a closed position on the housing 30.

The housing 30 is formed with a second hinge element in the form of apivot pin 46 (FIG. 3). Pivot pin 46 is seated into a hook member 48(FIG. 4) of the mounting frame 50 attached to the frame member 18. Thisallows the seed meter 24 to pivot relative to the planting unit framemember 18 about an axis 52. A drive spindle 54 is carried by the housing30 and has a drive hub 56 (FIG. 5) on the end thereof. The spindle 54couples to the output shaft 58 of electric motor 60 to drive the seedmeter when in the assembled position shown in FIG. 3. The seed meter 24is coupled to the delivery system by a latch mechanism 68 including ametal rod 70 having a hook at one end seated into an aperture in themeter housing 30 when latched. The delivery system further has amounting hook 72, partially shown in FIG. 2, which attaches to theplanting unit frame member 18 to support the delivery system.

The delivery system 400 is driven by an electric motor 80, also carriedby the mounting frame 50. The output shaft of motor 80 is connected tothe delivery system through a right-angle drive 82. While electricmotors have been shown to drive both the seed meter and the seeddelivery system, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art thatother types of motors, such as hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. can be used aswell as various types of mechanical drive systems.

With reference to FIG. 6, a metering member 100 of the seed meter isshown in greater detail. These metering member 100 is shown as a singlepiece, concave bowl shaped body. The bowl shaped body has a base portion102 from which extends a sidewall 104. Sidewall 104 terminates in anouter edge 106. The sidewall has a radially inner surface 108 and aradially outer surface 110. Adjacent the outer edge 106, the sidewallhas a rim portion 112 shown by the bracket in FIG. 6. The rim portion112 extends radially outwardly and axially toward the outer edge 106. Inthe rim portion 112, there is an annular array of apertures 114 thatextend through the sidewall between the inner and outer surfaces 108 and110. The metering member 100 is mounted in the meter housing forrotation in the direction of the arrow 118 in FIG. 6. In operation, asthe metering member rotates, individual seeds from a seed pool 120located at a bottom portion of the metering member are adhered to theapertures 114 on the inner surface 108 of the sidewall and sequentiallycarried upward to a release position 164 at an upper portion of themetering member. Thus, the inner surface is also known as the seed sideof the metering member. A series of raised features or projections, suchas paddles 116, extend from the inner surface 108 of the sidewall 104typically with one paddle located behind each aperture 114 in thedirection of rotation. Each paddle forms a confronting surface 124behind the associated aperture in the direction of rotation to push theseed adhered to the aperture into the delivery system as describedbelow. As explained above, it is the rim portion 112 of the meteringmember that performs the function of drawing individual seeds from theseed pool and sequentially moving seed to the release position to supplyseed individually to the seed delivery system 400.

The base portion 102 of the metering member contains a central driveaperture 130 (FIG. 5) used to mount the metering member on a rotationaldrive hub 56 for rotation about the axis 132 in a manner similar tomounting a flat seed disk in a seed meter as is well known. When mountedto the housing 30, the metering member 100 cooperates with the housingto form a trough to hold the seed pool 120 as described more fullybelow. The axis 132 is inclined to both a horizontal plane as well as toa vertical plane extending fore and aft of the seeding machine and avertically plane extending transversely to the seeding machine.

With reference to FIG. 7, the metering member 100 is shown in asectional view. The base portion 102 is a generally planar while the rimportion 112 of the inner surface of the sidewall 104 is outwardlyflared, that is, extending both radially outward and axially. As shownin FIG. 7, the rim portion is frusto-conical. Alternatively, as shown inFIG. 8 in connection with a metering member sidewall 104′, the innersurface of the sidewall rim portion 112 may be frusto-spherical inshape. Furthermore, while the rim portion 112 has been shown as beingoutwardly flared, the rim portion could be generally cylindrical withoutany outward flair, that is, extending only axially. The metering member100 can be formed as one piece or constructed of multiple pieces. Themetering member can be most easily molded of plastic such aspolycarbonate, nylon, polypropylene or urethane. However, other plasticscan be used as well as other materials such as metal, etc. The meteringmember 100 is sufficiently rigid to be self-sustaining in shape withoutadditional supporting structure. This is in contrast to the flexiblebelt metering member shown in U.S. Pat. No. 2,960,258 where it be beltmember is preferably of a flexible elastomeric material and is supportedwithin a support ring. Being self-sustaining in shape, the meteringmember does not need any supporting structure to hold a shape. As aself-sustaining, the metering member may be rigid or the metering membermay be flexible to change shape when acted upon in a manner similar tothe flexible seed disk of U.S. Pat. No. 7,661,377.

As previously mentioned, the metering member 100 can be mounted to adrive hub through the central drive aperture 130 in the base portion102. Mounting through the central drive aperture 130 provides bothmounting support of the metering member as well as the rotational driveof the metering member. Alternatively, support for the metering membercan be provided on the outer surface of the sidewall. A groove may beformed in the outer surface of the sidewall to receive rollers thatsupport the metering member. If the groove is also formed with driveteeth, one of the rollers could be driven by a motor to rotate themetering member. With such alternative arrangements possible, it is notnecessary that the metering member have a base portion. The function ofmetering seed is performed by the sidewall and thus, the sidewall is theonly required portion of the metering member.

As shown in FIG. 7, the metering member 100, when mounted in the meterhousing, is oriented at an incline to the vertical as shown. In thisorientation, the apertures 114 lie in a plane 150 inclined at an angle arelative to vertical. In this orientation, an upper portion 148 of themetering member overhangs or extends beyond a lower portion 154. Asdescribed below, this allows access to the upper portion 148 of themetering member for the mechanical seed delivery system 400. As shown,the angle a is approximately 24°. However, any angle will suffice aslong as the upper portion 148 extends beyond the lower portionsufficiently for access for the seed delivery system from below themetering member at the seed release position.

The seed pool 120 is formed at the bottom of the metering member 100 asshown in FIG. 9. Vacuum is applied to the outer surface 110, causingindividual seeds to be adhered to the apertures 114 as the aperturestravel through the seed pool. As the metering member rotates as shown bythe arrow 118, seed is moved upward to a release position 164 at theupper portion 148 of the metering member. The release position isslightly past the top or 12 O'clock position on the circular path oftravel of the seed such that the seed is moving somewhat downward at therelease position. This facilitates the seed's entry into the deliverysystem as more fully described below. Also, by being past the top pointof the path, the delivery system is off center relative to the meteringmember providing clearance between the delivery system and the seedmeter drive. At the release position 164, the inner surface of the rimportion of the metering member is facing downward such that seed isadhered beneath the metering member or is hanging from the meteringmember. See FIG. 10. The seed delivery system 400 is also positionedbeneath the upper portion of the metering member at the release position164 to take the seed from the metering member as shown in FIG. 10.

Delivery system 400 includes a housing 402 having a left sidewall 404(see FIG. 19) and a right sidewall 406 (see FIG. 3). The terms left andright are used in relationship to the direction of travel of the seedingmachine shown by the arrow 408. Connecting the left and right sidewallsto one another is an edge wall 410. An upper opening 416 is formed inthe edge wall and sidewalls to allow seed to enter into the housing 402.A lower opening 418 is provided at the lower end forming a dischargelocation 413 for the seed. A pair of pulleys 420 and 422 are mountedinside the housing 402. The pulleys a support a belt 424 for rotationwithin the housing. One of the two pulleys is a drive pulley while theother pulley is an idler pulley. The belt has a flexible base member 426to engage the pulleys. Elongated bristles 428 extend from the basemember 426. The bristles are joined to the base member at proximal, orradially inner, ends of the bristles. Distal, or radially outer, ends430 of the bristles touch or are close to touching the inner surface ofthe housing edge wall 410.

As shown at the top of FIG. 10, a seed 152 is at the release position onthe metering member 100 and has just been inserted into the bristles 428of the delivery system. At the release position, the rim portion 112 ofthe metering member sidewall 104 is generally tangent to the stationaryinner surface 412 across which the brush bristles 428 sweep. The surface412 is on a latch portion 66 of the housing 30. The surface 412 is acontinuation of the inner surface 414 of the delivery system housing402. Once the seed is captured in the delivery system, the seed moves inthe direction of the belt, shown by the arrow 417. The direction oftravel of the seed immediately upon capture by the delivery system 400is shown by the vector 438.

Prior to release of the seed from the metering member, the seed ismoving in the direction of vector 160 which is slightly downward intothe bristles 428. With reference to FIG. 13, the vector 160 of the seeddirection is at an angle 161 of about 60° to the length of the bristles428 shown by the arrow 176. As shown in FIG. 11, the brush belt ispositioned so that seed enters the bristles at the corner of the brushbelt. The brush can be positioned so that the seed enters the brushthrough the distal ends of the bristles or through the side of thebristles.

The relationship between the seed direction vector 160 on the meteringmember and the seed direction vector 438 when the seed is first in thebrush belt is shown in FIG. 14 illustrating the two vectors in the planecontaining both vectors at the release position 164. The angle 163between the vectors is at least 35° and preferably between 50° and 80°.This shows the cross-feed of the seed into the bristles, meaning thatthe seed, prior to the release position is moving substantially in adifferent direction than the brush bristles are moving. This is incontrast to the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 of the previously mentionedU.S. patent application 2010/0192819-A1 where the seed on the meteringdisk at the release is moving in substantially the same direction as thebrush bristles. This is also the relationship by which the bristlessweep over the inner surface of the sidewall relative to the traveldirection of seed.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show a blocking member 162 carried by the meter housing30. Blocking member 162 is positioned adjacent a path of travel of seed152 leading to the release position 164 and prevents movement of seedfrom the metering member prior to reaching the release position. Oncethe seed has passed the end 174 of the blocking member 162, the seed isfree to move with the brush bristles in the direction of the vector 438in FIG. 10. The blocking member ensures that the seed is consistentlyfeed into the brush belt in the center of the belt, widthwise, ratherthan allowing the seed to enter the belt at random positions across thebelt width. As shown in FIG. 15, the blocking member is located beneaththe sidewall 104 of the metering member 100 between the paddles 116 andthe outer edge 106 of the metering member. The confronting surfaces 124of the paddles 116 push seed into the brush bristles. The paddles orprojections 116 travel further into the brush bristles, that is deeperinto the bristles from their distal ends, as the projections cross thewidth of the brush as seen in FIG. 11. Once seed is in the brushbristles, the seed is swept over the inner surface of the meteringmember, from the apertures 114 to the outer edge 106 of the meteringmember in the direction of the vector 438. The delivery system could bearranged to sweep seed in the opposite direction, that is, away from theouter edge 106 of the metering member.

To further ensure consistent release of seed from the metering memberand hand-off to the delivery system, an ejector 166, carried by thecover 34 rides on the outer surface of the metering member rim portion.See FIGS. 11, 12 and 15. The ejector 166 is in the form of a star wheelhaving a number of projections 168. The projections 168 extend into theapertures 114 from the outer surface 110 of the sidewall 104 and forceseed out of the apertures 114. The ejector is caused to rotate byrotation of the metering member 100 due to the projections 168 engagingin the apertures 114. The ejector is mounted to the cover 34 via a pivotarm 170 and bracket 171. The ejector 166 is biased against the meteringmember by a spring 172.

Turning attention once again to FIG. 4, a flexible seal 180 is shown onthe inner side of the cover 34. This seal bears against the outersurface 110 of the metering member 100 forming a vacuum chamber withinthe interior 182 of the seal. A first portion 184 of the seal is spacedradially further out on the metering member than is the second portion186 of the seal. In the area of the seal first portion 184, vacuum isapplied to the apertures 114, causing seed to adhered thereto. There isno vacuum applied to the apertures adjacent and outside of the sealsecond portion 186. A port 188 in the cover 34 is adapted to connect theinterior of the cover to a vacuum source in a known manner for a vacuumseed meter. The seed release position 164 is within the vacuum chamber.Thus, the brush belt and the ejector are working in opposition to thevacuum applied to the apertures 114 to release the seed from themetering member.

With reference to FIG. 16, The inside of the housing 30 is shown. Thehousing includes a central boss 302 for the drive spindle 54. Thehousing also includes an opening 304 to receive seed from a mini-hopper,not shown, mounted to the outside of the housing and surrounding theopening 304. Below the opening 304, the housing wall forms a ramp 306extending downward toward the lower end 308 of the housing. The rampcooperates with the inner surface 108 of the metering member to hold theseed pool 120. The housing includes an inward projection 310 forming acavity 314 (FIG. 17) on the outside of the housing into which the upperend if the delivery system 400 is placed. The projection is open at theupper end, forming a downward looking opening 312 from the interior ofthe housing to the exterior. This opening 312 allows the brush belt 424to access the inner surface of the 108 of the metering member and carryseed from the housing.

FIG. 17 illustrates the orientation of the metering member and thecooperation of the housing 30 and metering member 100 to form a troughfor the seed pool 120 at the lower end of the metering member. FIG. 17shows the orientation of the metering member when the seeding machine 10is on level ground. At the lower end of the metering member, thesidewall 104 is inclined to the vertical such that the inner surface 108is at an angle d to the vertical vector 126. As illustrated in FIG. 17,the inner surface is approximately 21° from vertical. The orientation ofthe housing adjacent the metering member, forming the other side of thetrough, is not critical. Seed from the seed pool 120 sits on top of theinner surface 108 and a component of the force of gravity isperpendicular to the inner surface 108. When operating on a hillside, ifthe meter is tilted clockwise or counter-clockwise, as viewed in FIG.17, the inner surface 108 remains inclined and gravity still has acomponent perpendicular to the inner surface. This is in contrast to atypical disk seed meter shown in FIG. 18 with a vertically oriented disk320 cooperating with a housing wall 322 for form a seed pool 324. Ifthis meter is tilted counterclockwise as viewed, seed from the pool willstill bear against the disk. However, if the meter is tilted clockwise,seed from the pool will fall away from the disk, allowing for decreasedmetering performance in terms of seed being picked-up by the disk.Evaluation of the meter has shown improved meter performance on ahillside when the angle d is as small as 5° and as large as 75°. Betterperformance is achieved when the angle d is between 10° and 50° whilethe optimum performance is in the range of 20° to 40°. This last rangeprovides considerable tilting of the seed meter on a hillside in anydirection before performance begins to decrease.

At the upper end of the metering member, at the release position 164,the inner surface 108 has an angle f to a downward vertical vector 128in the range of 50° to 90° with the closer to 90° being the better forhand-off of seed from the metering member to the brush belt. As shown,the angle f is approximately 68°. The different orientations of theinner surface 108 relative to vertical at the seed trough and at therelease position is accomplished with a metering member that is rigid.Such variation is not possible with the flat disk metering member shownin FIG. 18.

As described above, seed is adhered to the apertures 114 in the meteringmember due to the vacuum applied to the outer surface of the meteringmember creating a pressure differential on opposite sides of themetering member. As an alternative to vacuum on the outer side of themetering member, the pressure differential can be created by a positivepressure between the housing 30 and the metering member 100. Such asystem would require seals between the metering member 100 and thehousing 30 to create a positive pressure chamber. In a positive pressurearrangement, the cover 34 only serves as a cover for the rotatingmetering member.

It is possible that more than one seed will be adhered to a givenaperture 114. To prevent more than one seed at a time from beingtransferred to the brush belt, a pair of doubles eliminators orsingulators are attached to the housing 30 along the path of seed fromthe seed pool to the release position 164. The singulators are in theform of brushes 330 and 332 (FIGS. 5 and 9). Brush 330 has bristlesextending substantially axially and brushes seed on the apertures 114 byextending inwardly from the outer edge 106 of the metering member. Thebristles of brush 330 are of varying length, to engage the seed atseveral discrete locations along the length of the brush 330. The brush332 has bristles extending substantially radially and engaging the innersurface of the metering member sidewall inside of the paddles 116 andextend along the sidewall to the apertures 114. Both brushes 330 and 332act to slightly disturb seed on the aperture and cause excess seed tofall off. Once removed, the excess seed falls back to the seed pool 120.The brushes can be fixed in position or they can be adjustable to changethe degree to which the brushed disturb seed on the metering member. Athird brush 334 is shown which extends generally radially of themetering member. The brush 334 serves to define a boundary to the seedpool 120. The brushes 330, 332 and 334 are mounted to the housing 30.

Returning again to FIG. 10, once seed is captured or trapped in thebristles 428, the delivery system controls the movement of seed from theseed meter to the discharge location. The seeds are held in the bristlessuch that the seeds can not move vertically relative to the bristles 428or relative to other seeds in the delivery system. Particularly, duringtravel of the seeds along the vertical side of the delivery system, theseeds are held on at least the top and bottom of the seeds to preventany relative movement between the seed and the brush belt. Thus, therelative position of the seeds to one another is not affected bydynamics of the planting unit while moving across a field. The seed iscarried by the bristles from the upper opening 416 to the lower opening418 with the movement of the seed controlled at all times from the upperopening to the lower opening.

The lower opening 418 of the delivery system housing is positioned asclose to the bottom 446 of the seed trench or furrow 448 as possible. Asshown, the lower opening 418 is near or below the soil surface 432adjacent the seed furrow. The bottom of the delivery system should be nomore than one or two inches, (2.5-5 cm) above the soil surface 432. Ifpossible, the lower end of the delivery system should be below the soilsurface 432. The housing edge wall 410 forms an exit ramp 434 at thelower opening 418. The lower opening 418 and the ramp 434 are positionedalong the curve in the belt path around the pulley 422. The seed, beingcarried by the bristle's distal ends, increases in linear speed aroundthe pulley 422 as the distal ends of the bristles travel a greaterdistance around the pulley 422 than does the base member 426 of thebelt. This speed difference is shown by the two arrows 440 and 442.

At discharge, the seed has a velocity shown by the vector V. Thisvelocity has a vertical component V_(V) and a horizontal componentV_(H). The belt is operated at a speed to produce a horizontal velocitycomponent V_(H) that is approximately equal to, but in the oppositedirection of, the seeding machine forward velocity shown by arrow 408.As a result, the horizontal velocity of the seed relative to the groundis zero or approximately zero. This minimizes rolling of the seed in theseed trench.

Seed can be inserted into the brush bristles at essentially an infinitenumber of positions. This enables the brush to be operated at the speednecessary to produce the desired horizontal velocity component to theseed, independent of the seed population. The seed meter, on the otherhand, must be operated at a speed that is a function of both the forwardtravel speed of the seeding machine and the desired seed population.Because the belt 424 can be loaded with seed at essentially an infinitenumber of positions, the belt speed can be operated independently of theseed meter speed. This is not the case with other seed delivery systems,such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,681,706 where the deliverysystem of FIG. 2 has a belt with flights to carry the seed. The beltspeed must be timed to the seed meter speed to ensure that one or moreflights pass the seed meter for each seed that is discharged from themeter.

While it is desirable to match the seed rearward velocity to the seedingmachine forward velocity to minimize seed relative velocity to the soil,with some seed types, it may be necessary to operate the brush belt at adifferent speed to ensure the seed is discharged from the brushbristles.

The interior of the lower portion of delivery system housing is shown inFIG. 19. The delivery system housing 402 is a two-piece housing havingan upper housing member 460 and a lower housing member 462. The lowerhousing member carries the lower pulley 422. The lower housing memberhas an upwardly extending rod portion 464 that slides within a channelformed by walls 466 and 468 in the upper housing member. Springs, notshown, push downward on the rod portion 464 to bias the lower housingmember downward. The brush belt 424, wrapped about the pulleys 420 and422, holds the upper and lower housing members together. The belt 424 istensioned by the springs acting on the rod portion 464. A U-shaped metalstrip 470 is attached to the upper housing member 460 and bridges thegap 472 between the upper and lower housing members to provide acontinuous surface for holding seed in the housing between the upperopening 416 and the lower opening 418. The metal strip has a tab at theupper end thereof bent over and inserted into a slot 474 in the upperhousing member 460 to hold the metal strip 470 in place. If needed, afastener, such as a nut and bolt, may be placed through the rod portion464 and the upper housing member 460 to fix the upper and lower housingmembers together.

Different metering members may be used for different seed types. Themetering member 100 is intended for soybeans and other crops plantedwith a fairly close seed spacing. Corn, which is planted at a greaterseed spacing uses a metering member 200 shown in FIGS. 20 and 21.Metering member 200 is constructed in a similar fashion as meteringmember 100 and like components are given the same reference numeral withthe addition of 100. However, metering member 200 has half the number ofapertures 214 as the metering member 100. To avoid the need to replacethe ejector 166 when changing metering members, the metering member 200has recess 226 extending into the sidewall 204 on the outer surface 210of the sidewall between each aperture 214. The recesses 226 provideclearance for the projections 168 of the ejector 166 that are arrangedto be inserted in each aperture 114 of the metering member 100. Therecesses 226 are not open to the inner surface 208 of the sidewall 204.Thus there are additional projections 228 on the inner surface of thesidewall 204 between the apertures 214. Alternatively, the projections228 and the paddles 216 can be formed as a single projections extendingfrom the inner surface 208.

The blocking member or guide is shown in another arrangement of the seedmeter and delivery system described in connection with FIGS. 22-31 fromthe parent application, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/363,968,filed Feb. 2, 2009. with reference to FIG. 22, a belt meter 1200 isshown schematically to illustrate the relationship of the belt 1250relative to the row unit structure. The belt 1250 lies in a plane thatis inclined relative to all three axes, that is the plane of the belt isinclined relative to a vertical fore and aft plane, inclined relative toa vertical transverse plane and inclined relative to a horizontal plane.Furthermore, the seed pickup region 1206 is positioned at the lower endof the belt 1250 while the seed release position or location 1208 islocated at the upper end of the belt 1250. In the embodiment shown inFIG. 22, the seed is removed from the belt 1250 at the release locationby a seed delivery system 1210. The seed delivery system 1210 is likeseed delivery system 400 described above containing a brush belt 1312 togrip and carry seed. The seed delivery system 1210 moves the seed fromthe seed meter belt to the lower end of the row unit between the furrowopening disks where it is deposited into the furrow formed in the soil.The seed meter 1200 is described fully below with reference to FIGS.23-30.

The seed meter 1200 has a frame member 1220 in the form of a plate whichis mounted to the row unit frame in a suitable manner. The frame member1220 supports the upper idler pulley 1256 and the lower drive pulley1260 about which the belt 1250 is wrapped. A gearbox and drive motor(not shown) are coupled to the shaft 264 to drive the pulley 1260 andbelt counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 23 and shown by the arrow 1261.The frame member 1220 also carries a vacuum manifold 1262 having ahollow interior vacuum chamber 1266. A vacuum port 1263 extends from theopposite side of the vacuum chamber through the frame member 1220. Themanifold 1262 has an outer wall 11268 (FIG. 25) containing a main slot1270 extending the length of the outer wall. A secondary slot 11272extends only a short portion of the length of the outer wall.

The belt 1250 has an outer seed engaging face or side 11251. The belt1250 includes a row of first apertures 11252 which overlie the slot 1270in the manifold 1262. The apertures 11252 to extend through the belt,allowing air to flow through the belt. The belt further has a pluralityof features 11254 formed as ribs extending from the seed face 1251. Thefeatures 1254 each for a confronting face 1255 shown in FIG. 29 facingin the travel direction of the belt. In this embodiment, the feature1254 forms the confronting face 1255 extending outward from the seedside 1251 of the belt. In the embodiment shown, the features 1254 do notextend laterally to both side edges of the belt, but leaves a flat edgezone 1257 along one edge of the belt. An optional second row ofapertures 1258 in the belt are positioned to pass over the secondaryslot 1272 in the manifold outer wall 1268. The apertures 1258 are onlyin communication with the vacuum chamber 1266 for the short portion ofthe path of the apertures 1258 over the slot 1272.

A housing 1276 is attached to the frame member 1220 and closelypositioned to the belt 1250. A portion 1277 of the housing 1276 overliesthe flat edge zone 1257 of the belt. The housing 1276, the belt 1250,and a cover 1278 (shown in FIG. 28) form a small chamber 1279 whichholds a pool of seed 1280. A brush 1282 mounted to the housing 1276sweeps across the face 1251 of the belt and seals the chamber 1279 atthe location where the belt enters the chamber to prevent seed fromescaping the chamber 1279. Seed enters in the chamber 1279 through asuitable port, not shown, in the housing 1276 or housing cover 1278.

The belt 1250 and housing 1276 form a V-shaped trough for the seed poolthat extends uphill in the direction of belt travel. The confrontingfaces 1255 formed by the features 1254 of the belt engage the seed inthe pool to agitate the seed creating a circular flow of seed as shownby the broken line 1284 of FIG. 24. Since the belt forms one side of theV-shaped trough, seed will always remain in contact with the beltregardless of tilt or inclination of the planter, as long as sufficientseed is present in the seed pool. An advantage of the seed meter is thatwhen the vacuum shut off, seed on the belt falls back into the seedpool. This is in contrast to disk meters where a portion of the seed onthe disk above the seed tube will fall to the ground upon vacuumshut-off.

The idler pulley 1256 is supported by a bearing set 1285 on a tube 1286(FIG. 26). A flange 1288 welded to the tube 1286 is attached to theframe member 1220 by bolts 1290. A spacer 1292 is positioned between theflange and frame member 1220. The idler pulley 1256 has a groove 1294 inits outer periphery which is in line with the belt apertures 1252.Channels 1296 extend radially through the pulley 1256 to an annularchamber 1298 surrounding the tube 1286. An opening 1300 in the tube 1286provides communication between the chamber 1298 and the hollow interior1302 of the tube. The tube is connected to the vacuum source whereby thevacuum is applied to the apertures 1252 in the belt as the belt travelsover the pulley 1256. A fork 1304 is attached to the frame member 1220with tines 1306 seated in the groove 1294 in the idler pulley. The tinesfilled the groove 1294 to cut off the vacuum and create the seed releaselocation 1208. The tines 1306 extend from the seed release location tothe vacuum manifold in the direction of rotation of the idler pulley toseal the vacuum chamber and the groove in the idler pulley.

The housing cover 1278 mounts to the manifold and covers the open sideof the housing 1276 as shown in FIG. 29. A doubles the eliminator 1310is mounted to the housing cover and, when assembled, lies on top of thebelt 1250. The doubles eliminator 1310 is roughly wedge-shaped andprogressively increases in width in the travel direction of the belt toincrease its coverage over the apertures 1252. The doubles eliminated1310 causes doubles or multiples of seed to be removed from the beltresulting in a single seed covering each aperture 1252.

In operation, as the belt rotates, the confronting face 1255 engage andagitate seed in the seed pool at the bottom of the housing 1276. Seedfrom the seed pool will be adhered to the belt at each aperture 1252 dueto the vacuum applied to the apertures from the interior of the manifold1262 or by positive air pressure on the seed side of the belt. By virtueof the main slot 1270, the seeds will continue to be retained on thebelt as the belt travels from the seed pick-up region 1206 to the idlerpulley 1256. Due to the groove in the idler pulley, the vacuum ismaintained on the apertures as the belt travels around the pulley untilthe seed and the aperture reaches the tine 1306 of the fork 1304. Uponreaching the tine 1306, the vacuum is terminated and the seed isreleased from the belt 1250. Alternatively, the seed can be mechanicallyremoved from the belt or removed by a combination of vacuum terminationand mechanical removal or the seeds can be removed mechanically whilethe vacuum is still applied.

The second row of apertures 1258 will also operate to retain a seedtherein while the aperture 1258 travels over the shorter slot 1272. Bypicking up seed, the apertures 1258 act to further agitate the seedpool. In addition, when the apertures 1258 reach the downstream end 273of the secondary slot 1272, the seed is released from the belt. Therelease location from the aperture 1258 causes the seed to pass over oneof the apertures 1252 as the seed falls. If the aperture 1252 failed topick-up a seed and is empty, the falling seed may be retained thereon.If the aperture 1252 is not empty, but instead picked-up multiple seeds,the falling seed may collide with the multiple seeds and assist inremoving one or more of the multiple seeds. In this fashion, the fallingseed operates to avoid errors in terms either no seed or multiple seedson an aperture 1252.

At the seed release position 1208, the seed is transferred from themetering belt 1252 to the seed delivery system 1210. The seed deliverysystem 1210 includes an endless member also wrapped around pulleys andcontained within a housing 1322. The housing has an upper opening 1324through which seed is admitted into the delivery system. The endlessmember is shown in the form of a brush belt 1312 having bristles 1314that sweep across the face 1251 of the belt 1250 to remove the seedtherefrom. At the seed release position 1208, a transition plate 1316 ispositioned adjacent the belt 1250. The transition plate has a curvedfirst edge 1318 abutting the edge of the belt as the belt travels aroundthe idler pulley. The brush belt bristles will engage a seed in theaperture 1252A at the location shown in FIG. 19 and will sweep the seedoff the belt and across the face 1320 of the transition plate 1316 inthe direction of the arrow 1321. The confronting face 1255 behind theaperture 1252A serves as a back stop to prevent the brush from knockingthe seed off the metering belt. The confronting face 1255 pushes theseed into the brush bristles. The downward extending tab portion 1323 ofthe transition plate projects into the housing of the delivery system1210 to allow the brush to continuously trap seed as the seed moves offthe belt 1250, over the transition plate 1316 and into the interior ofthe delivery system housing where the seed is trapped by the brushbristles and the interior surface of the delivery system housing 1322. Aguide 1325 projects from the surface of the transition plate to guidethe seed and keep the seed from being swept off the meter beltprematurely. The guide forms an upstanding wall having a first portion1326 adjacent the path of seed on the belt 1250 immediately prior to therelease position 1208. A second portion 1328 of the upstanding wallextends in the direction of seed travel in the brush belt 1312. Seedmust pass the corner or bend 1330 in the upstanding wall before it canbe moved off the meter belt 1250 by the seed delivery system.

The guide 1325 and blocking member 162 ensure seed entry into the brushbelt in a consistent manner and in the same location across the width ofthe brush belt. This consistent hand-off of seed from the seed meter tothe seed delivery system helps to improve placement accuracy of the seedin the furrow in the soil.

Having described the seed meter and delivery system, it will becomeapparent that various modifications can be made without departing fromthe scope of the accompanying claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A seed delivery apparatus for transferring seedto a furrow, the seed delivery apparatus secured to a seeding machine,the seed delivery apparatus comprising: a housing having a first openingthrough which seed is received and a second opening through which seedexits; an endless member positioned within the housing; and a drivemember operably configured to control the movement of the endless memberin cooperation with movement of the seeding machine, wherein the seedingmachine is operable in a seeding direction at a first seeding speed andat a second seeding speed, and wherein the drive member is configured todischarge seed with a directional component equal and opposite to theseeding direction and at a speed in the directional componentapproximately equal to the first seeding speed in a first mode and at aspeed in the directional component approximately equal to the secondseeding speed in a second mode.
 2. The seed delivery apparatus of claim1, wherein the seeding machine is operable in a seeding direction and atseeding speed, and wherein the drive member is configured to dischargeseed with a directional component equal and opposite to the seedingdirection and at a speed in the directional component approximatelyequal to the seeding speed to minimize rolling of the seed in thetrench.
 3. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drivemember is operable at a first speed and at a second speed different thanthe first speed.
 4. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein thedrive member is a variable speed drive member.
 5. The seed deliveryapparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive member is a first drive memberoperable at a first speed, and further including a second drive memberoperable at a second speed and configured to control movement of theendless member in cooperation with movement of the seeding machine. 6.The seed delivery apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive member speedis proportional to movement of the seeding machine.
 7. A seed deliveryapparatus for transferring seed to a furrow, the seed delivery apparatussecured to a seeding machine, the seed delivery apparatus comprising: ahousing having a first opening through which seed is received and asecond opening through which seed exits; an endless member positionedwithin the housing; and a drive member operably configured to control adischarge of seed from the second opening in cooperation with movementof the seeding machine, wherein the seeding machine is operable in aseeding direction at a first seeding speed and at a second seedingspeed, and wherein the drive member is configured to discharge seed witha directional component equal and opposite to the seeding direction andat a speed in the directional component approximately equal to the firstseeding speed in a first mode and at a speed in the directionalcomponent approximately equal to the second seeding speed in a secondmode.
 8. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 7, wherein the seedingmachine is operable in a seeding direction and at seeding speed, andwherein the drive member is configured to discharge seed with adirectional component equal and opposite to the seeding direction and ata speed in the directional component approximately equal to the seedingspeed to minimize rolling of the seed in the trench.
 9. The seeddelivery apparatus of claim 7, wherein the seeding machine is operablein a first mode at a first seeding speed and in a second mode at asecond seeding speed, and wherein the drive member is configured todischarge the seed with a first seed spacing in the furrow during thefirst mode and is further configured to discharge the seed with a secondseed spacing in the furrow during the second mode, wherein the secondseed spacing approximately equals the first seed spacing.
 10. The seeddelivery apparatus of claim 7, wherein the drive member is operable at afirst speed and at a second speed different than the first speed. 11.The seed delivery apparatus of claim 7, wherein the drive member is avariable speed drive member.
 12. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 7,wherein the drive member is a first drive member operable at a firstspeed, and further including a second drive member operable at a secondspeed and configured to control the movement of the endless member incooperation with movement of the seeding machine.
 13. A method oftransferring seed to a furrow with a seed delivery apparatus secured toa seeding machine, the method comprising: receiving a seed into ahousing through a first opening; controlling movement of the seed withinthe housing in cooperation with movement of the seeding machine;conveying the seed from the first opening to a second opening; anddischarging the seed through the second opening directly to the furrow,wherein the seeding machine is operable in a seeding direction and at aseeding speed, and wherein discharging the seed through the secondopening means discharging the seed with a directional component equaland opposite to the seeding direction and at a speed in the directionalcomponent approximately equal to the seeding speed wherein the seedingmachine is operable in the seeding direction and at a first seedingspeed and at a second seeding speed, and wherein discharging the seedthrough the second opening means discharging the seed with a directionalcomponent equal and opposite to the seeding direction and at a speed inthe directional component approximately equal to the first seeding speedin a first mode and at a speed in the directional componentapproximately equal to the second seeding speed in a second mode. 14.The method of claim 13, wherein controlling movement of the seed withinthe housing means controlling movement of an endless member positionedwithin the housing.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein controllingmovement of the seed within the housing means controlling a drive memberconfigured to drive the endless member.
 16. The method of claim 15,wherein controlling the drive member means controlling the drive memberat a first speed and controlling the drive member at a second speeddifferent than the first speed.
 17. The method of claim 14, whereincontrolling movement of the seed within the housing means controlling avariable speed drive member configured to drive the endless member. 18.The method of claim 14, wherein controlling movement of the seed withinthe housing in cooperation with movement of the seeding machine meansselectively controlling a first drive member configured to drive theendless member and selectively controlling a second drive memberconfigured to drive the endless member.
 19. The method of claim 13,wherein controlling movement of the seed within the housing incooperation with movement of the seeding machine means controllingmovement of the seed within the housing in response to an operatingspeed of the seeding machine.
 20. The method of claim 13, whereincontrolling movement of the seed within the housing in cooperation withmovement of the seeding machine means controlling movement of the seedwithin the housing in response to an operating direction of travel ofthe seeding machine.
 21. The method of claim 13, wherein discharging theseed through the second opening means selectively discharging the seedat a speed responsive to an operating speed of the seeding machine. 22.The method of claim 13, wherein the seeding machine is operable in afirst mode at a first seeding speed and in a second mode at a secondseeding speed, and wherein discharging the seed through the secondopening means discharging the seed such that a seed spacing in thefurrow during the first mode is equal to a seed spacing in the furrowduring the second mode.
 23. A seed delivery apparatus for transferringseed to a furrow, the seed delivery apparatus secured to a seedingmachine, the seed delivery apparatus comprising: a housing having afirst opening through which seed is received and a second openingthrough which seed exits; an endless member positioned within thehousing; and a drive member operably configured to control the movementof the endless member in cooperation with movement of the seedingmachine, wherein the seeding machine is operable in a seeding directionat a first seeding speed and at a second seeding speed, and wherein thedrive member is configured to drive the endless member to dischargeseeds from the seed delivery apparatus with a directional componentequal and opposite to the seeding direction and at a speed in thedirectional component approximately equal to the first seeding speed ina first mode and at a speed in the directional component approximatelyequal to the second seeding speed in a second mode.
 24. The seeddelivery apparatus of claim 23, wherein the drive member is operable ata first speed and at a second speed different than the first speed. 25.The seed delivery apparatus of claim 23, wherein the drive member is avariable speed drive member.
 26. The seed delivery apparatus of claim23, wherein the drive member is configured to discharge the seed with afirst seed spacing in the furrow during the first mode and is furtherconfigured to discharge the seed with a second seed spacing in thefurrow during the second mode, wherein the second seed spacingapproximately equals the first seed spacing.
 27. The seed deliveryapparatus of claim 23, wherein the drive member is operable at a speedproportional to movement of the seeding machine.
 28. The seed deliveryapparatus of claim 23, wherein the furrow is formed into a soil througha soil surface, and wherein the second opening is below the soilsurface.
 29. A seed delivery apparatus for transferring seed to afurrow, the seed delivery apparatus secured to a seeding machine, theseed delivery apparatus comprising: a housing having a first openingthrough which seed is received and a second opening through which seedexits; an endless member positioned within the housing; and a drivemember operably configured to control a discharge of seed from thesecond opening in cooperation with movement of the seeding machine,wherein the seeding machine is operable in a seeding direction at afirst seeding speed and at a second seeding speed, and wherein the drivemember is configured to drive the endless member to discharge seeds fromthe seed delivery apparatus with a directional component equal andopposite to the seeding direction and at a speed in the directionalcomponent approximately equal to the first seeding speed in a first modeand at a speed in the directional component approximately equal to thesecond seeding speed in a second mode.
 30. The seed delivery apparatusof claim 29, wherein the drive member is operable at a first speed andat a second speed different than the first speed.
 31. The seed deliveryapparatus of claim 29, wherein the drive member is a variable speeddrive member.
 32. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 29, wherein thedrive member is configured to discharge the seed with a first seedspacing in the furrow during the first mode and is further configured todischarge the seed with a second seed spacing in the furrow during thesecond mode, wherein the second seed spacing approximately equals thefirst seed spacing.
 33. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 29, whereinthe drive member is operable at a speed proportional to movement of theseeding machine.
 34. The seed delivery apparatus of claim 29, whereinthe furrow is formed into a soil through a soil surface, and wherein thesecond opening is below the soil surface.
 35. A method of transferringseed to a furrow with a seed delivery apparatus secured to a seedingmachine, the method comprising: receiving a seed into a housing througha first opening; controlling a drive member configured to drive anendless member positioned within the housing in cooperation withmovement of the seeding machine; conveying the seed from the firstopening to a second opening; and discharging the seed through the secondopening directly to the furrow, wherein the seeding machine is operablein a seeding direction and at a first seeding speed and at a secondseeding speed, and wherein discharging the seed through the secondopening means discharging the seed from the seed delivery apparatus withthe drive member and with a directional component equal and opposite tothe seeding direction and at a speed in the directional componentapproximately equal to the first seeding speed in a first mode and at aspeed in the directional component approximately equal to the secondseeding speed in a second mode.
 36. The method of claim 35, whereincontrolling the drive member means controlling the drive member at afirst speed and controlling the drive member at a second speed differentthan the first speed.
 37. The method of claim 35, wherein controllingthe drive member means controlling a variable speed drive memberconfigured to drive the endless member.
 38. The method of claim 35,wherein discharging the seed through the second opening meansdischarging the seed such that a seed spacing in the furrow during thefirst mode is equal to a seed spacing in the furrow during the secondmode.
 39. The method of claim 35, wherein the furrow is formed into asoil through a soil surface, and wherein discharging the seed throughthe second opening directly to the furrow means discharging the seedthrough the second opening below the soil surface.